The effect of the sagittal plane osteotomy inclination on the posterior tibial slope in medial open wedge HTO: experimental study with a square column model

Abstract Background Medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is an effective and safe treatment method for medial osteoarthritis of the knee. However, unintended changes in posterior slope (PTS) may occur. Several factors cause PTS alterations after HTO; however, research on sagittal-plane inclination (SPOI) relation to sparse. The purpose this study was evaluate whether SPOI affects HTO. hypothesis that parallel causes no change Methods A square column model with a 10° produced using two three-dimensional (3D) programs 3D printer. Then, series HTO procedures performed through virtual simulation programs, actual conducted printer, testing machine measurement system. divided into four types: ? 20° (posterior-inclined osteotomy), ? (osteotomy slope), ? 0° (anterior-inclined ? ? osteotomy). correction angle increased at intervals 5° from 30°. measured sagittal plane. Results maintained decreased osteotomy) based angle. Conclusions In model, affected PTS, caused